Contributors
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v
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Preface
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vii
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3
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A Necessary Component of Logic: Empirical Argumentation Analysis
Arne Naess
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9
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1. Logic has empirical components and needs empirical research
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2. ‘Argumentation analysis’
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3. Options in a clarification and assessment game
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4. Analysis of agreement and pseudo-agreement
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5. Degree of definiteness of intention (discrimination acuity) as a factor in argumentation
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6. The hermeneutical spiral as a factor in argumentation
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Die Dialogische Begründung Von Logikkalkülen
P. Lorenzen
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23
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1. Drei Typen von Logikkalkülen
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2. Das Begründungsproblem
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3. Empraktische Einführung der Verwendungsregeln
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4. Materiale Dialoge: Semantik
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5. Erweiterungen der strengen Dialoge: Liberalisierungen
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6. Die effektive Dialogregel
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7. Das Problem der Konsistenz: Schnittregel
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8. Die klassische Dialogregel
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9. Die Beziehung materialer Dialoge zu Logikkalkülen
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10. Zur Frage der sog: Vollständigkeit
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11. Vollständigkeit ohne Semantik
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Sherlock Holmes Confronts Modern Logic: Toward a Theory of Information-Seeking Through Questioning
Jaakko Hintikka and Merrill B. Hintikka
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55
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1. Sherlock Holmes vs. philosophers on deduction
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2. Making tacit information explicit through questioning
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3. The structure of question-inference complexes
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4. On the principle of total evidence. Bayesianism
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5. The role of observations
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6. Question-answer sequences as games against Nature
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7. Payoffs and strategies
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8. Deductions sometimes replaceable by questions and answers
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Semantical Games and Transcendental Arguments
Jaakko Hintikka
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77
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1. Kant on the logic of existence
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2. Seeking and finding, and game-theoretical semantics
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3. A transcendental refutation of certain related views
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4. A test-case: branching quantifiers
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5. Material vs. logical truth, formal argumentation, and semantics
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6. From semantical games to dialogical ones
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Towards a General Theory of Argumentation
Leo Apostel
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93
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1. Logic and rhetorics, heuristics, proof theory
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2. Theory of discussion
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3. What are discussions?
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4. Reduction to the theory of (inter-)action
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5. “Proponent”, “Opponent”, “defence” and “attack”
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6. Systematic connections between the theory of games and some theories discussed at this conference
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7. Hamblin's theory: What is an argument?
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8. Decomposition of argumentative texts: Sub-games
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9. Equivocation and use of metaphors
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Theory of Argumentation and the Dialectical Garb of Formal Logic
Erik C.W. Krabbe
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123
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Ein Konstruktiver Weg Zur Semantik Der “Möglichen Welten”
Rüdiger Inhetveen
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133
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1. Dialogebenen: Spielregel
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2. Beispiele
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3. Beziehung zu den modallogischen Standardsystemen
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143
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On the Criteria for the Choice of Rules of Dialogic Logic
Kuno Lorenz
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145
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1. A game-theoretic pragmatic conception of truth
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2. Specifying the game (“global” game rules)
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3. Argument rules (“local” game rules)
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4. Subjunction
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5. Formal winning-strategy and formal truth
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6. A theorem of formal dialogic logic
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A Normative-Pragmatical Foundation of the Rules of some Systems of Formal 3 Dialectics
E.M. Barth
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159
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1. New foundations: Statemental dialogue attitudes
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2. Two purposes — presentation of the dialectical systems, and the problem of fallacy
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3. Basic norms and ends; implementations
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4. Dialectics should be systematic and thorough going
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5. Dialectics should be orderly and dynamic
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6. Epilogue: The three elementary phases of a critical discussion
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171
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A Set of Concepts for the Study of Dialogical Argumentation
Arnold Gunther
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175
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1. Introduction
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2. Argumentation — informally described
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3. Dialogue bases
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4. Co-operative argumentative dialogues and argumentation
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Montague-Grammars for Argumentative Dialogues
Carl H. Heidrich
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191
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1. Introduction
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2. Background and motivation
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3. An example of a dialogue
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4. A Montague-grammar
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229
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Formal Dialectics as Immanent Criticism of Philosophical Systems
Erik C.W. Krabbe
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233
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1. Introduction
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2. The provocative thesis
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3. Critical interpretation of the logical constants
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4. Information-seeking interpretation of the logical constants
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An Application of Empirical Argumentation Analysis to Spinoza's “Ethics”
Arne Naess
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245
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1. The propositions of the “Ethics” conceived of as arguments in a debate
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2. Spinoza's theses of equivalence
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3. Equivalences as arguments
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Finite Debates About “The Infinite”
E.M. Barth
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257
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1. Two philosophical paradigms
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2. “Tongue-twisting for the sake of consistency” — a recent description of the Weierstrass method
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3. Two-role logic and the notion of ‘limit’
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4. Instantaneous velocities
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5. Paradigmatically misleading expressions
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6. Conclusion
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271
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A Decision-Theoretical Interpretation of Dialogues
Ulrike Leopold-Wildburger
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273
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On the Philosophy of Argument and the Logic of Common Morality
F. van Dun
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281
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1. Dialectical argument and first principles
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2. The fundamental principle of morality
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3. A dialogical approach to the logic of common morality
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A. Chronological Bibliography
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295
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B. Index of Names to Chronological Bibliography
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329
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Linguistics